Cardiac arrhythmia, is a clinically significant symptom which Can be recorded in cases of heart diseases and in the absence or the presence of a number of general disorders of the body.Although for the detection of arrhythmia and its causes, a careful study of its history and clinical examination is recommended, but the most specific method to identify its signs will surely be electrocardiography .This study has been performed on 329 cattle referred to the veterinary hospital of ShahidChamran University of Ahvaz from April 2015 up to Jun 2016 an the frequency of cardiac arrhythmias was examined by using electrocardiography.In all the animals,after historical and physical examination studies, ECG was performed by using Base-Apex lead. Diagnosis is based on history, physical examination and some laboratory tests. In order to next survays, the Cows were divided into two groups: first group had only primary teeth and second group had at least one adult teeth. To assess the relationship between disease type and arrhythmias, diagnosed diseases were classified in seven different groups as following: Deficiency diseases and metabolic disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, viral diseases, diseases caused by blood parasites, reproductive problems and mastitis, respiratory disease and other diseases. According to information obtained from the Bureau of Meteorology Khuzestan province,respectively,Months of the studyWere divided intotwo-seasons: from 28 April to 21 October 2015 and from 22 October to 3o Jun 2016. The collected data were analyzed by using SPSS version 16 and Chi-square Test.The study of ECG obtained indicates that from total of 329 cows that have been investigated, 163 cows (49/5%) had at least one of the arrhythmia types and 166 cows (50/5%) had no arrhythmias.Sinus tachycardia (76 cases) were registered, the most common arrhythmia.Then,sinus arrhythmia, wandering pacemaker, electrical alternans,Second-degree atrioventricular block , sinoatrial block,Respectively,, were 62, 34, 14, 6 and 3.Atrial fibrillation, sinatrial block, sinus bradycardia and sinus arrest recorded in 2 cases,and premature ventricular beats and atrial premature beats were registered only in one case.Although statistical analysis showed that there was no significant differences between type of the disease with arrhythmia frequency (p>0/05).

Although changing affecting factors of blood pressure (include cardiac output and vascular resistance) is possible other mammals besides human and measuring blood pressure in horses goes back 100 years ago, but despite of physician medicine, measuring blood pressure in veterinary medicine is not common method during diagnostic tests in animals. This study tried to determine normal rate of this vital sign and some influencing factors in Iranian Arab horses. This study undertaken 50 Iranian Arab horses, older than 6 months, maintained in eleven horse care center in Ahvaz. For doing this study after presence in horse care center and putting the horse in examination box, different stages include getting history, recording vital sings, measuring the height of withers and tail circumference, taking ECG and recording blood pressure were done sequently. Recording blood pressure was performed through using auscultation indirect method (by Stethoscope). Measuring blood pressure was repeated twice and at least every two minutes. Mean values obtained were recorded as systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Mean and standard deviation of systolic and diastolic blood pressure of studied horses was determined as 123±1.8 and 69.6±1.7 mmHg sequently. Statistical analysis was shown that there is not significant relationship between systolic and diastolic blood pressure with age, gender, pregnancy status, beat and ECG indices (P>0.05). The same time, relationship between the height of withers with systolic blood pressure was not significant (P>0.05) and its relation with diastolic blood pressure was direct and significant (P<0.05). According to results of this study, it seems that we can consider measuring blood pressure at the same position of recording other vital sings during evaluation of horses health.

Pericardial diseases are widespread among cattle. Pericardial fluid is commonly influenced during diseases and general disorders of the pericardium. Hence, qualitative and quantitative analysis of pericardial fluid is a useful tool in the diagnosis of pericardial diseases. In this thesis, we performed thorough examination of pericardial fluid of 60 healthy river buffaloes slaughtered at Ahvaz slaughterhouse during the year 1392. Before slaughtering, sex and age of the animals were recorded. After slaughter and opening of the chest cavity, whole pericardial fluid volume of each subject was withdrawn with a syringe and measured. fluid samples were examined for presence or absence of clots, color and clarity of. Then, each fluid sample was transferred to three tubes containing sodium citrate, EDTA, and a blank tube to be used as control tube; pH of each sample was determined before further processing. Fluid samples containing sodium citrate were centrifuged; then the upper layer, and the blood plasma of each sample was removed and stored at -20 degrees centigrade for future use. For fluid samples containing EDTA anticoagulant, total red blood cells counted and white blood cells of pericardial fluid and blood were investigated manually and by hemocytometry, respectively. Percent of nuclear cells was carried out by preparation of blood smear. Specific gravity of pericardial fluid was measured by using a refractometer. Fibrinogen concentration, total protein and glucose of pericardial fluid and blood was determined by employing a commercial kit. All data obtained were analyzed by SPSS version 16 with the use of Kolmogorof –Smirnof test, t for two related samples Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney and two-way anova and pearson Correlation Coefficient or Spearman correlation. Results obtained showed all fluid samples containing anticoagulant to be translucent amber in color; all samples lacking anticoagulant coagulated immediately. All fluid samples registered neutral on the pH scale. Mean and standard deviation for volume and specific gravity of all fluid samples were 37.4±17.8 cc and 1021±0.0004, respectively. The cell count for red and white blood cells of fluid samples were (0.009±0.003)×106 and (3.300±0.16)×103 per microliter, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that the sex and age had no significant effect on the volume and specific gravity of the pericardial fluid (p>0.05). nonetheless, age and sex had significant effect on white and red blood cells, respectively (p<0.05). moreover, there was a significant difference between red and white blood cells of pericardial fluid and blood (p<0.001). Furthermore, a weak, but direct correlation between the red blood cells of pericardial fluid and blood was observed (rsp = 0.17). also, a similar correlation was seen for white blood cells of the two aforementioned samples (rsp = 0.28). In differential count, mean percent and standard deviation for neutrophils, lemphocytes, monocytes and eosinophils of pericardial fluid were 52.2±1.6(%), 46.1±1.7(%), 1.3±0.2(%), and 0.8±0.2(%), respectively. Although statistical analysis showed that there was a significant difference between neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes of pericardial fluid and blood samples (p<0.001), the difference in eosinophils of the two samples was not significant (p>0.05). Moreover, a highly weak but direct correlation between neutrophil, lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophils was observed; these values were as follows: (rsp = 0.04, rsp = 0.05, rsp = 0.08 and rsp = 0.11), respectively. The results indicated that age had a significant effect on eosinophils of the pericardial fluid (p<0.05), but age and sex did not have a significant effect on the percent of other counted cells (p>0.05). The mean and standard deviation for fibrinogen concentration, total protein and glucose of pericardial fluid were 146.9±4.2 (milligram per deciliter), 2.05±0.07 (gram per deciliter) and 100.9±3.5 (milligram per deciliter). Statistical analysis showed a significant difference in the level of fibrinogen, total protein and glucose between pericardial and blood samples (p<0.001). The correlation coefficient for fibrinogen, total protein and glucose of pericardial fluid and blood were direct and very weak (rsp = 0.15), direct and weak (rsp = 0.24) and direct and intermediate (rsp = 0.42). The effect of sex and age on the fibrinogen concentration in pericardial fluid was significant (p<0.05), but did not have a significant effect on the level of total protein and glucose (p>0.05). In summary, based on our findings, it appears that the characteristics of pericardial fluid of Khuzestan river buffaloes is similar to characteristics observed in perituneal fluid of cows. Also, the closeness of some of these characteristics to the modified transudate is of important significance. It should be taken into consideration when analyzing data obtained from parasynthetic fluid of buffaloes suspected of cardiac illness, especially pericardial diseases.  

Vitamin A is one of the most essential components of the diet that due to the different roles in the body, its deficiency causes a variety of clinical signs. Laboratory confirmation of vitamin A deficiency depends on the concentration estimates of the vitamin in the blood and liver. In the present study, seasonal changes in beta-carotene and vitamin A of serum and liver of goats slaughtered at the abattoir of Ahwaz have been studied. During October 2013 to June 2014, a total of 360 goats were sampling. Spectrophotometric method used to measure these factors. Statistical analysis was performed using three-way analysis of variance and t-test. Mean ± SE values of vitamin A and beta-carotene of serum and liver of studied goats were 96 ± 0.8 (ug/dl), 220.1 ± 2.4 (ug/dl), 41.2 ± 0.9 (ug/gr) and 20.1 ± 0.3 (ug/gr), respectively. Although statistical analysis showed that age and gender did not significantly affect the levels of these two substances in the serum and liver (p>0.05), but the amount of vitamin A in serum and liver of the warm season was significantly more than the temperate season (p<0.05). the comparing of this study with other studies shown that there are remarkable similarities in vitamin A and beta-carotene values of the serum and liver of sheep and goats of this region.

Because of Vitamin A particular role in different tissues and organs, in deficiency conditions various clinical signs are seen. In addition, sometimes the marginal deficiency is present that clinical signs are not visible but performance defects, such as infertility are seen. In this study, the seasonal changes of β-carotene and vitamin A of serum and liver of slaughtered sheep in Ahvaz abbattion were investigated. A total of 360 sheep were sampled from October 2013 to June 2014. Spectrophotometry was used for measuring values. The results were analyzed statistically with t-student test. The mean±SE concentration of β-carotene and vitamin A of serum and liver were 209/9±1/5, 98±0/9 (µg/dL), 19/8±0/4, 32/3±0/8(µg/g), respectively. Although there wasn't significant difference in levels of the measured parameters in two age groups but there was a significant difference in vitamin A of serum and liver in two sexes.While determinated levels of vitamin A concentration in male more than female and liver's concentration in female more than sheep male's. The difference between seasons in vitamin A of serum was statistically significant, too. This factor concentration was in the warm season more than in moderate season